Archive for the ‘Health & Fitness’ Category

Take it Outside

No matter your climate, it’s the perfect time of year to take your exercise outside. A recent study performed at the University of Essex in the United Kingdom suggests that exposure to the outdoors during your day can significantly benefit your mental health and even lift your self esteem.

Does this mean you have to run two miles outside on your lunch break? Not even close. The study showed an uplifted mood in subjects who were only outside for 5-10 minutes per study. That’s a quick stroll, an outdoor phone call, or a walk for the dog. This doesn’t just get you up and moving: it energizes you for the rest of your day. Subjects in the Essex who took a short walk on their lunch breaks exercised for an average of 20 minutes longer in the evening. Sounds like those smarties at the University of Essex found a natural means of boosting energy.

Scientists have concluded that within the first 3 minutes of light outdoor exercise your body and brain begin working in stress-busting harmony, energizing you naturally (no need for that afternoon Starbucks run!) and providing feel-good endorphins. Make this part of your daily ritual, weather permitting, and you’ll notice the benefits both mentally and physically.

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Stretch it Out

You might want to sit down for this. Just kidding. We’re willing to bet a majority of your clients spend their day sitting down in some capacity, whether at a desk or in a conference room. By the time they make it to the gym their muscles are tight and knotted, potentially making workouts less empowered and more tiring. Sitting all day puts hips and hamstrings in a shortened position while hunching important muscles in the back. Encourage your clients to take their time and stretch properly!

Take 15 minutes at the beginning of a workout to work on flexibility. Stretch out the shoulders, chest, obliques, lower back, and hamstrings. Simple moves such as arm raises, seated toe-touching, and yoga moves like downward dog are all effective and only require 3-5 reps to really stretch out a muscle group. Get creative! Use accessories like resistance bands and medicine balls for balance while stretching.

Motivate your clients to stretch during the day with simple moves. Most importantly: Encourage them to get up and walk around! Proper stretching and mobility now are key to successful workouts later.

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Mind & Body Exercise

Just in case you need another reason to exercise: A new study at the University of Florida suggests that regular workouts, even light ones, may decrease cellular aging in the brain. What does this mean for you? A daily walk, run, or strength-training session may help keep your mind young and at its best for years longer.

Cellular aging in the brain leads to oxidative damage, which has been proven to contribute to Alzheimer’s and Parkinson’s diseases. A subtle increase in heart rate stimulates healthy exchanges of oxygen and cell- interaction in the brain, essentially giving your mind a similar workout to the one you’re giving your muscles. Maintain that workout schedule! Your mind AND body will reap the benefits.

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Don’t Break the Egg

Are your neck and shoulders sore after a jog or run? It could be the way you’re holding your hands while exercising! Recent studies published in Runner’s World, Men’s Health, Women’s Health, SELF, and Fitness magazines suggest that many runners begin to clench their fists a quarter of a mile into a run, especially when accelerating. Clenching the muscles in your hands immediately cause those linking your arms, shoulders, neck, and spine to work overtime.

The solution? Well, the magazines seem to have two “acceptable” ways to hold your hands while running to avoid pain. The first: Pretend as though you have a potato chip (a baked one!) between your thumb and fingers. You have to run holding that chip without breaking it. The second: Don’t break the egg. Many marathon runners find it most helpful to run with your palms slightly cupped, thumbs resting atop of fingers as though you’re gingerly cradling an egg and protecting it while you run.

Potato chip or egg, you must focus on those hands while running. Your shoulders and neck will thank you.

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Let’s Talk About Endurance

Sometimes we all need a little kickstart to make it through a workout, usually due to fatigue, hunger, lack of motivation, or even boredom. Both Women’s Health and Men’s Health published articles this month about the importance of endurance to a successful workout, whether it’s cardio-based or for strength training.

When it comes to cardio one of the most important (and most frequently overlooked) necessities for better form and speed is the addition of an incline. The incline is your friend, folks. Without it you’re essentially running downhill and limiting muscle-use. The smarties at Men’s Health have determined that adding an incline can increase the muscle power in each stride by 9%.

Strength training exercises, such as the ones provided by our team, require their own recipe for endurance. The key is taking appropriate resting time between sets. It’s always effective to take a 20-30 second breather between sets to stretch, drink some H2O, and allow your muscles a chance to heal. The timestamp isn’t set in stone– beginners at strength training sets may need more time whereas veterans of the exercises may require less. A good rule of thumb is to start with a 30 second rest period between sets and adjust from there. Just remember good gym manners: Don’t rest ON the machine, equipment, or mat if it’s crowded and others are waiting.

Moral of the story: Endurance through workouts relies on simple techniques to improve your form and speed. The rest will follow.

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Increase Weight And Reduce Injury Risk On Barbell Squats With Proper Preperation

Most of us know that we need to warm up our bodies and maybe even do a couple of light reps before loading the bar with weight.  This is completely adequate for most training styles and lifts, but for those looking to move large amounts of weight, especially on multi-joint exercises,  a little additional preparation can go a long way.

To complete a squat properly takes a lot of practice and coordination, add a few hundred pounds to that and things get really complicated.  The initial plateau in max squat weight is usually not a result of lack of strength in the legs, but rather a combination of weak balance and core activation that prevent the brain from allowing full activation of the target muscle groups.

Try these exercises before the first set of heavy squats, they will allow better form and an increase in weight.

1. Single Leg Balance with Eyes Closed: Complete 1 minute on each leg.

2. Squat with No Equipment:  Complete 10 reps, focusing on perfect form, proper muscle recruitment, and maintaining an active core throughout the movement.

3. Pelvic Tilt:  3-5 repetitions completed in the standing position just before the bar is un-racked.

Taking a few minutes to complete these exercises before heavy squats allows the body to effectively transfer the weight from the shoulders down to the target muscles.  The risk of injury drops as the proprioceptors are activated, creating more awareness of joint position and stability.  This in turn permits recruitment of additional muscle fibers, increasing the effectiveness of the exercise.

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Active Rest

Not only is it generally bad form to sit on a piece of equipment between sets, it also hurts your workout. This was a pet peeve of mine long before I became a trainer, and I was happy to learn that its also counterproductive.

During a hard resistance training workout the working muscles fill with blood as the body delivers nutrients and removes waste products. The more efficient this process is, the better muscles can recover between sets.

Just as the heart works to pump blood out to the body, the skeletal muscles do a great job of helping to return that blood to the heart and lungs. The trick is, the muscles must be contracting in order for this to happen most effectively.

Sitting between sets allows blood to pool in the extremities, lowering the ability of the working muscles to recover before they are stressed again. Active rest, which can simply be standing and shifting the weight back and forth between the legs, or taking a loop around the weight room, is the perfect use of the time between sets.

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Proper Breathing Technique During Exercise

Proper breathing during exercise is not always intuitive, nor does it always come naturally. The consequences however, for failing to breathe properly can be harmful to exercise progression and your health. Here are some of the how’s and why’s for proper breathing technique when exercising.

The why: Proper breathing facilitates activation of the deep core, allowing the body to direct power to the target muscle groups as well as preventing injury and the Valsalva maneuver.

Breathing out during exertion (pressing), such as on a weighted squat, facilitates contraction of the deep core, including the transverse abdominus. These muscles protect the spine during the lift as well as turning the core into a solid conduit through which the weight can be transferred to the working muscles. This in turn allows more weight to be moved as the brain stops inhibiting muscle contraction in order to prevent injury and allows the lifter to take full advantage of the biomechanics of the body and load only the target muscles.

Another benefit is reduced risk of injury. Hernia and dizziness/passing out are both side effects of the Valsalva maneuver. The increased intra-abdominal pressure Valsalva creates puts tremendous pressure on the abdominal wall increasing the risk of hernia. At the same time this pressure causes a large blood vessel (Vena Cava) running to the heart to close, cutting off circulation and dramatically dropping blood pressure. As soon as the pressure is released, the blood pressure then spikes to above normal levels. This can be very harmful to those with blood pressure problems as well as causing a healthy person to lose consciousness.

The how: Breathe out on exertion/muscle contraction, and in during recovery. The weighted squat provides an excellent example of how to breathe properly. During the eccentric contraction as the body lowers into the squat, breathe in, filling the chest with air, while maintaining core activation. When pressing to return to the standing position breathe out, fully expelling the air from the torso.

Correct breathing technique does not always feel natural at first and can take some time to master. However, the benefits both to increased progress towards goals and reduced risk of injury far outweigh any initial inconvenience.

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Weight Training and Stretching Between Sets

Stretching between sets is something I have been reading about since I began lifting and now, more than 10 years later, it appears the jury is still out.  There are two schools of thought on this, both of which are based in science and both have some valid points.

The first school of thought, and the one I prescribe to when it comes to resistance training is; don’t do it.  The sliding filament theory of muscle contraction tells us that maximum force is developed in a muscle when it is at its resting length.  The more force a muscle can generate, the more weight that can be lifted and the stronger, or larger a muscle will become.

Stretching between sets would pull the actin and myocin (see link above) beyond their optimal overlap, thereby reducing the number of fibers that are able to reach their maximum force while contracting.  Not a problem at the end of a workout, but detrimental to my goal of engaging as many muscle fibers as possible each set.

The opposing opinion holds that after a muscle contraction there is lactic acid present in the muscle as well as myocin heads which may not have disengaged from the actin.  Both of these factors could reduce the ability of a muscle fiber to produce maximum force on the next contraction.

Stretching therefore would have two beneficial effects.  First, it could lengthen the muscle, possibly allowing more blood flow into the capillaries and removing the lactic acid more quickly and bringing additional nutrients to the muscle.  The second effect would be to free up the myocin heads allowing for a greater number of cross bridges during the next contraction.

I have tried stretching between sets in the past, but I feel a fuller and stronger contraction when I simply allow the muscle to rest at its normal length.  Until the guys in the white coats tell me differently, this is the method I will stick with.

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Super and Compound Sets

Supersets and compound sets can be great tools for creating shorter workouts as well as shocking muscle groups that have been lagging behind. However, I often find that there is confusion about exactly what these terms mean as well as how to most effectively use these techniques in a program.

Super Sets:
A super set is when 1 set of 2 different exercises targeting unrelated muscle groups are done back to back without rest. This technique can shorten the total time a workout takes, but is very intense.

I always recommend pairing 2 medium, or 1 large and 1 small muscle groups when super setting to allow maximum effort to be given to each exercise. Some good examples would be a dumbbell chest press super set with a barbell mid back row, or a leg extension super set with a hamstring curl. Super sets are best used as part of a workout where strength, hypertrophy, or general fitness are the goals as they require longer rest periods between sets. This allows muscle group A to recover while muscle group B is being worked.

Compound Sets:
A compound set is when 1 set of 2 different exercises targeting the same muscle group are completed back to back without rest. Compound sets are most effective as a means of shocking a muscle group to increase or speed development and is an advanced training technique. Compound sets can lead to overtraining, or injury if they are utilized too often. When assigning compound sets

I recommend the first exercise be the harder, or more complex of the 2. This gives the user the best chance at keeping the intensity high for both exercises as well as reducing the risk for injury. Some good examples of supersets would be a bench press followed by a cable chest fly, or a barbell biceps curl followed by a barbell reverse curl.

A consideration that needs to be made when including either of these techniques in a workout is the availability of equipment. If the workout will be completed in a small, or busy gym, time spent waiting for the necessary equipment to become available can really bog down the pace of the workout.

Whether you need to fit more exercises in to a workout, or up the intensity of a more advanced program, these techniques are a great solution.

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